The Knights of Labor:
a. Identification- Labor organization founded in 1860 by Philadelphia garment cutters. Had a total of 730,000 members of all races, gender, and skilled/unskilled workers. Believed they could get rid out all conflict by creating a society where all workers worked for themselves. Their goal was, "Every man his own employer".
b. Significance- Was one of the only labor organizations to survive the depression of the awful working conditions, and created the largest labor demonstration on May 1st, 1886.
The Haymarket riot:
a. Identification- Took place in downtown Chicago, where labor unions rallied to strike about police brutality. (because on May 1st police killed two unionists and wounded several others trying to break up a fight between a group of unionists and non unionists.) Police marched in but were quickly killed because the unionists had set off a bomb killing seven police officers, and injuring sixty seven. The result was the arresting of anarchists and unionists.
b. Significance- The riot drew even more attention to the growing fury of the labor workers and their poor treatment, and the middle classes fear of radicalism.
The American Federation of Labor:
a. Identification- Emerged from the 1886 violent change as the major workers' organization. Had about 140,000 (mostly skilled native born workers) members led by Samuel Gompers. Prefered only skilled workers unlike the AFL. But later grew to 2.5 million by 1917. Their main goals were to create higher wages, shorts hours, and the right to bargain collectively.
b. Significance- Had even more members than the Knights of labor, and was the largest labor organization in the country.
Samuel Gompers:
a. Identification-Immigrant who lead the Cigars Markers' Union, and the AFL.
b. Significance- Led the largest labor organization in the country.
The Homestead strike:
a. Identification- Occurred on July 1892 in Pennsylvania. The Amalgamated Association of Iron and steelworkers refused to accept pay cuts, reacted violently, and went on a strike against their plant. Angry workers attacked guards that were guarding the closed down plant, but soon gave up after 5 months.
b. Significance- Made the publics opinion turn against the strikers because of a young anarchist attempt to kill Henry C. Frick the president of the Carnegie Steel Company.
The Pullman strike:
a. Identification- In 1894, workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company protested against exploitative policies (company owned and controlled ALL land and building). The workers were extremely furious on account of Pullman would not negotiate with them, and cut their wages 25- 40 percent. The workers sent a committee to Pullman protesting his policies and he reacted by firing 3 of these people and closing down the plant. The workers, being led by Eugene V. Debs, refused to handle all Pullman cars and defied the courts injunction to prevent the union from "obstructing the railways and holding up the mails."
b. Significance- The Pullman Strike made it clear that the government had not been supporting unionists, and were favoring the businesses because more businesses only made their country stronger.
Eugene V. Debs:
a. Identification- Led the workers that protested against Pullman.
b. Significance- Defied the court, and was sentenced to six months in prison. And created the grounds that the federal government had the power to remove obstacles to interstate commerce.
the Industrial Workers of the World:
a. Identification- A new labor organization formed in 1905. Unlike the AFl, and like the Knights of Labor, this organization included all unskilled and skilled workers. Its mottos was, "An injury to one is an injury to all" And its goal was, "One big Union"
b. Significance- Went beyond the goals of the Knights of Labors, and created its own acts of violence and sabotage.
Showing posts with label Industrial_Age. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Industrial_Age. Show all posts
Sunday, September 20, 2009
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
14-3 Important Terms and their Significance
Andrew Carnegie: Private secretary to the local superintendent of the Pennsylvania railroad. He was one of the first americans to go from so little to so much more, being born very poor then making a fortune for himself. Also his company produced the largest portion of the nations steel.
Social Darwinism: A book that stated the marketplace should not be regulated. It was made to teach people how to become sucessful. It was had stated that the poor are only poor because they're "lazy" and deserved this.
John D. Rockefeller: Created the Standard Oil Company. His oil companies controlled 90 percent of the refining business, made 2-3 percent of the country's oil, and ran the marker by rising the prices up to a huge amount. The people referred to him and his company as "robber barons"
Sherman Antitrust Act: Made it legal to form a trust that interfered with the free trade between states or other countries. The companies would not give up, so eventually the government gave up with this act.
Samuel Gompers: Led the Cigar Markers' International Union, and was the president of the AFL to end the horrible working environment they had been working in.
American Federation of Labor (AFL): Focused on collective bargaining, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions. Because of the AFL, from 1890-1915 the average weekly wages rose from $17.50 - $24. Along with the average workweek falling from 54.5 hours to under 49 hours. Both of these were a huge accomplishment for the people.
Eugene V. Debs: Trying to create a "special industry" for the unskilled and skilled workers. This only added to the strive of the union organizing.
Industrial Workers of the World: Included miners, lumbers, cannery, and dock workers.
Mary Harris Jones: Supported the great strike of 1877, also organized the United Mine Workers of America. Very concerned of the child labor conditions, she bravely led 80 million children on the march to the home of President Roosevelt. This influenced the child labor laws.
Social Darwinism: A book that stated the marketplace should not be regulated. It was made to teach people how to become sucessful. It was had stated that the poor are only poor because they're "lazy" and deserved this.
John D. Rockefeller: Created the Standard Oil Company. His oil companies controlled 90 percent of the refining business, made 2-3 percent of the country's oil, and ran the marker by rising the prices up to a huge amount. The people referred to him and his company as "robber barons"
Sherman Antitrust Act: Made it legal to form a trust that interfered with the free trade between states or other countries. The companies would not give up, so eventually the government gave up with this act.
Samuel Gompers: Led the Cigar Markers' International Union, and was the president of the AFL to end the horrible working environment they had been working in.
American Federation of Labor (AFL): Focused on collective bargaining, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions. Because of the AFL, from 1890-1915 the average weekly wages rose from $17.50 - $24. Along with the average workweek falling from 54.5 hours to under 49 hours. Both of these were a huge accomplishment for the people.
Eugene V. Debs: Trying to create a "special industry" for the unskilled and skilled workers. This only added to the strive of the union organizing.
Industrial Workers of the World: Included miners, lumbers, cannery, and dock workers.
Mary Harris Jones: Supported the great strike of 1877, also organized the United Mine Workers of America. Very concerned of the child labor conditions, she bravely led 80 million children on the march to the home of President Roosevelt. This influenced the child labor laws.
Sunday, September 13, 2009
Expansion of Industry
What were the three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the United States after the Civil War? Explain how two of these factors helped to bring about this technological boom.
The three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the U.S after the Civil War was, a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing population that provided both cheap labor and markets for new products. Oil was an extremely popular resource that was provided in the United States, but not the only one. Also found in the U.S was coal and iron. The finding of iron led to the Bessemer process, which led to open-hearth process. As time went on more and more people were using technology to manufacture new different things. The power of electricity also changed the business of America completely. Electricity now made everything easier, by powering machines and making everyones life styles easier with the use of light bulbs, type writers, ect. The expanding population also made it easier for these new inventions to be marketed.
The three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the U.S after the Civil War was, a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing population that provided both cheap labor and markets for new products. Oil was an extremely popular resource that was provided in the United States, but not the only one. Also found in the U.S was coal and iron. The finding of iron led to the Bessemer process, which led to open-hearth process. As time went on more and more people were using technology to manufacture new different things. The power of electricity also changed the business of America completely. Electricity now made everything easier, by powering machines and making everyones life styles easier with the use of light bulbs, type writers, ect. The expanding population also made it easier for these new inventions to be marketed.
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