1. American plantation owners and U.S Marines toppled over Hawaii’s queen in 1893 because Hawaii would have been a huge benefit to America. They had many natural resources, very soil land that could be used, and now foreign trade could occur. Grover Cleveland saw this as absolutely absurd and thought this violating the freedom of all people. He thought it went against what America was about, independence and the rights of people being protected. I sort of do in a way agree with his beliefs, but then again I know that taking over Hawaii was overall the best decision for America. It was sad that the queen had been completely stripped of all her power, and that Hawaii had no choice in maintaining their independence, but it overall was a smart move of America.
2. Five important changes that transformed America in the nineteeth century were:
Urban Growth: Made the United States stronger economically
Immigrants: the vast amount of immigrants immigrating to America for jobs, and hoping to escape the poor treatment of their own country’s.
Concept of the Frontier: Made the United States stronger,
Expanding West/Imperialism: gave America more political power, and natural resources.
Trade: made the United States grow massively economically, United States also made a lot of money off this.
3. At this time two railroad companies had gone bankrupt which left other companies in the same situation since they couldn’t transport the goods, which prevented any selling and profit from happening. Laborers and farmers were most effected by this, leaving them with no jobs, and no money to support their families. This definitely deepened the divisions in American society, leaving many laborers going on strike.
4. The values that many Americans attached to the frontier was, bravery, boldness, patriotism and individualism. Many Americans feared that closing the frontier would harm America’s national character, because they believed that America had reached it’s physical limits, and was overall running out of the necessity of resources and space.
5. Some Americans suggested greater involvement overseas because there were many other country’s to take into the U.S that would bring in even more money and power to America. For example China’s trade was very successful and if the U.S. was able to gain control of the Chinese trade they would be making even more money and it would greatly benefit America. Also rules were being made for Chinese, European, and Japanese trade.
6. The policy of expansionists sad that in order to ensure the economic success of the United States, the U.S. needed to catch up to the other big countries that were expanding themselves and bringing in tons of money. The Imperialists said that America should take over countries to make territories, this way there would be more resources.
7. The theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lended support to the cause of American imperialism because, social Darwinism first was the belief that the strongest will survive and the weakest will not, basically survial of the fittest. Also that it’s the poor’s fault that they are poor, because they’re “lazy”. This relates to imperialism since the smaller weaker countries would be taken over by bigger stronger ones and have no say in it all. For example, America taking Hawaii. Hawaii was a weak country and could not overcome America. Scientific racism supported the cause of American imperialism because if a person was of a different ethnic group they could or could not expand.
8. Many Protestant churches say that America’s role in the world was to send missionaries all over the world.
9. The United became involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century because America wanted to ‘civilize them’ and kind of more, ‘americanize’ them. They became more involved in Samoa, Hawaii and other Latin American nations so that they could obtain the land and gain more power/money, also because other big countries were looking to control these lands also.
10. The United States was concerned about British involvement in Venezuela because they didn’t want European countries to think that they could divide up the Latin America for other colonies, and leave America out. Richard Olney used the Monroe Doctrine in response.
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Sunday, October 25, 2009
Spanish-American War (1898)
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners: wanted the US to support Spain in order to protect their investments. This split the US in half and caused arguments and disagreements.
2. José Martí: organized Cuban resistance against Spain, campaigning and destroying property. Such as american owned sugar mills and plantations. This only angered Spain even more if they weren't enough.
3. Valeriano Weyler: Trying to destroy rebellion, he brought together the entire population of western and central Cuba into concentration camps. About 300,000 Cubans were in these camps, and thousands died from hunger and disease. The death of this many definitely caused a huge outbreak, and pushed Cuba to fight back against Spain even more. His actions also led to yellow journalism.
4. Yellow journalism: These brutal and touching stories made many Americans sympathize for rebels, making them favor Cuba. Causing a war in the newspapers.
5. De Lôme letter: This private letter written by Enrique Dupuy, deeply upset the Americans. The letter from the Spanish minister bashed president McKinley which caused most of America to not favor Spain. This also led to the U.S.S. Maine.
6. U.S.S. Maine: These boats were exploded apparently by Spain, since they were angry that because of the De Lome letter, America was not in favor for Cuba, and deeply resented Spain.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba: were freed from Cuba
8. Puerto Rico: now belonged to the United States
9. Guam: now belonged to the United States
10. Philippine Islands: sold over to the United States
1. American business owners: wanted the US to support Spain in order to protect their investments. This split the US in half and caused arguments and disagreements.
2. José Martí: organized Cuban resistance against Spain, campaigning and destroying property. Such as american owned sugar mills and plantations. This only angered Spain even more if they weren't enough.
3. Valeriano Weyler: Trying to destroy rebellion, he brought together the entire population of western and central Cuba into concentration camps. About 300,000 Cubans were in these camps, and thousands died from hunger and disease. The death of this many definitely caused a huge outbreak, and pushed Cuba to fight back against Spain even more. His actions also led to yellow journalism.
4. Yellow journalism: These brutal and touching stories made many Americans sympathize for rebels, making them favor Cuba. Causing a war in the newspapers.
5. De Lôme letter: This private letter written by Enrique Dupuy, deeply upset the Americans. The letter from the Spanish minister bashed president McKinley which caused most of America to not favor Spain. This also led to the U.S.S. Maine.
6. U.S.S. Maine: These boats were exploded apparently by Spain, since they were angry that because of the De Lome letter, America was not in favor for Cuba, and deeply resented Spain.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba: were freed from Cuba
8. Puerto Rico: now belonged to the United States
9. Guam: now belonged to the United States
10. Philippine Islands: sold over to the United States
Friday, October 23, 2009
U.S. Imperialism Begins
1. Five factors that fueled American Imperialism were:
-desire for military strength
-thirst for new markets
-belief in cultural superiority
-wanted Pear Harbor
-manifest destiny
2. Thirst for new markets: if they obtained the land they would make a lot more money, and it would also allowed them to have foreign trade which would solve the problem of American over production.
Belief in cultural superiority: the argument that they had the right to spread the religion of Christianity and spread this religion around to others.
3. "Seward's Folly" meant in other words, "Seward's Icebox", the term used to describe William Seward's idea to buy Alaska from the Russions. They described it as his "folly" meaning foolish, because many people thought this was a ridiculous idea, but he proved them wrong soon enough.
4. Sugar plantations, controlled by America, accounted for about three-quarters of Hawaii's wealth.
6. The United States were interested in these Pacific Islands because they believed that establishing colonies overseas would make their country stronger. At this time, other nations were establishing military presences, Americans were over producting along with unemployment and economic depression in America, also the belief of social darwinism still remained. All of these factors led America to Imperialism.
-desire for military strength
-thirst for new markets
-belief in cultural superiority
-wanted Pear Harbor
-manifest destiny
2. Thirst for new markets: if they obtained the land they would make a lot more money, and it would also allowed them to have foreign trade which would solve the problem of American over production.
Belief in cultural superiority: the argument that they had the right to spread the religion of Christianity and spread this religion around to others.
3. "Seward's Folly" meant in other words, "Seward's Icebox", the term used to describe William Seward's idea to buy Alaska from the Russions. They described it as his "folly" meaning foolish, because many people thought this was a ridiculous idea, but he proved them wrong soon enough.
4. Sugar plantations, controlled by America, accounted for about three-quarters of Hawaii's wealth.
6. The United States were interested in these Pacific Islands because they believed that establishing colonies overseas would make their country stronger. At this time, other nations were establishing military presences, Americans were over producting along with unemployment and economic depression in America, also the belief of social darwinism still remained. All of these factors led America to Imperialism.
Thursday, October 15, 2009
Child Labor Reform Photographs
Photograph A:
In this photo I see a little girl, maybe around the age of nine. Her facial expression looks pretty blank and she doesn't seem to be showing any specific emotion. Considering these conditions of the photo, I can make the assumption that this girl does not have time for herself. The caption says, when the photographer asked her what her age was, she hesitated and said "I don't remember. I'm not old enough to work but do just the same." I related what she said back to her facial expression. She doesn't look happy, but not sad either, she looks just really lost. And like she had said, she doesn't even remember her age all she knows is that she needs to work regardless of it. It's really sad to think that a little girl can't even remember things like this which are so important, because she's no caught up in her job at an age this young. The caption also says, out of 50 employees there were about 10 her size. Reading this I made the conclusion that families, like the one this little girl was in, didn't have alot of money at all so they needed even the youngest ones to work in jobs that much older people were working too. From observing this photo I can conclude that Children like the one in this photo needed to grow up fast and didn't have much of a childhood.
Photograph B:
In this photograph I see five young girls. Each girl seems to be wearing torn down clothes, their hair messily thrown up. Most of them just look content, probably because they're posing for a picture, but the girl in the middle is showing an extremely strong emotion. Her face is very stern, and her eyes are wide open, she generally just looks furious. This girl is also hunched over. Her hunch I think could have alot to do with the working conditions of the places they have been working. For long hours laborers would be hunched over doing their jobs like packing meat for examples. These long hours positioned this way, would result in problems in the body like the one this little girl may have. I think the torn clothes, and stern angry facial expression from the little girl in the middle show that these small children have been worked, and they're lives must mostly be just work and theres no time for themselves.
Photograph C:
In this photo there is an extremely young looking girl standing in the middle of an unsanitary working place. She looks around the age of maybe 5 years young yet still working. The room has pieces of paper all around the floor, and many other things. This little girl also has nothing on her feet protecting her from this grimy dirty ground. The caption of this photo says: "The mills seemed full of youngsters who just 'happened in' or 'are helping their sister'." The fact that the mills were full of youngsters rather than adults just proves the point that so many people at this time were poor. Excuses were even made as to why these young children were there. People would say they just showed up one day working, or they're just helping their sister. It's all just excuses for the obsurd fact that children as young as maybe five are working in these grusome unsanitary conditions.
Photograph D:
This paper shows a boy around the age of 5 years old selling newspaper on a busy street. Theres nobody watching over the young boy, he's all alone on a street with strangers selling newspaper. The facial expression on the boy looks so helpless and sad. He's looking up at men walking by as if he's begging them to turn around and buy a newspaper from him. From looking at this photo I can conclude that this boy and his family obviously do not have any money. And everybody else in his family is so busy working wherever they do, that he needs to work on his own. This small child is on his own trying to bring in money for his family, as if he was a father.
Photograph E:
In this photo there are about 20 or so boys, and some teens, working at a coal company. There is a huge cloud of dust over them. And then a man standing in the back watching over them, holding a bar. The dust in this photo is sweltering over all the boys, this is clearly a safety hazzard. The caption of this photo says: "This dust penettrated the utmost recesses of the boy's lungs." This dust was extremely unhealthy for the boys, giving them all very hard trouble breathing. The caption also says, "A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands over the boys, prodding or kicking them to obiedience." This shows that even in these terrible conditions, if you stopped to hit your chest and cough trying to catch your breath, you would be punished. I'm guessing from this picture these boys were really worked in this coal company and had to put aside the necessities of themselves, like stopping to catch their breath.
Photograph F:
In this photo there are about 15 men. It seems to be very dark in in this environment. There are pipes everywhere and theres little room to work around and move. The men in this photo have tears and wholes in the clothes, along with dirt covering their faces and clothes. It's very crowded for this many men and it's clear that they have little room to work and it's obviously not a sanitary working environment.
Photograph G:
In this photograph there are tons of people, but the ones that stick out compared to the taller older women and men, are the extremely small children looking around the age of four. The smallest girl barley has hair, and is very short in size so looks around the smallest. There is also a little boy in the front standing on a single strip of wood balancing him about a small whole. This is very unsafe for that boy. There is clams covering the floor, and every worked are using their bare hands to do the job. This is extremely unsanitary, the men and women don't look clean or cleansy at all they're wearing torn clothes, and are working in a beat town room with little or no light.
Photograph H:
In this photo there about 7 children going off to work at 6pm on a very cold day, it says in the caption they work here till 6am in the morning. When they come home they are drenced on the way home with cold hard rain with very little clothes on.
In this photo I see a little girl, maybe around the age of nine. Her facial expression looks pretty blank and she doesn't seem to be showing any specific emotion. Considering these conditions of the photo, I can make the assumption that this girl does not have time for herself. The caption says, when the photographer asked her what her age was, she hesitated and said "I don't remember. I'm not old enough to work but do just the same." I related what she said back to her facial expression. She doesn't look happy, but not sad either, she looks just really lost. And like she had said, she doesn't even remember her age all she knows is that she needs to work regardless of it. It's really sad to think that a little girl can't even remember things like this which are so important, because she's no caught up in her job at an age this young. The caption also says, out of 50 employees there were about 10 her size. Reading this I made the conclusion that families, like the one this little girl was in, didn't have alot of money at all so they needed even the youngest ones to work in jobs that much older people were working too. From observing this photo I can conclude that Children like the one in this photo needed to grow up fast and didn't have much of a childhood.
Photograph B:
In this photograph I see five young girls. Each girl seems to be wearing torn down clothes, their hair messily thrown up. Most of them just look content, probably because they're posing for a picture, but the girl in the middle is showing an extremely strong emotion. Her face is very stern, and her eyes are wide open, she generally just looks furious. This girl is also hunched over. Her hunch I think could have alot to do with the working conditions of the places they have been working. For long hours laborers would be hunched over doing their jobs like packing meat for examples. These long hours positioned this way, would result in problems in the body like the one this little girl may have. I think the torn clothes, and stern angry facial expression from the little girl in the middle show that these small children have been worked, and they're lives must mostly be just work and theres no time for themselves.
Photograph C:
In this photo there is an extremely young looking girl standing in the middle of an unsanitary working place. She looks around the age of maybe 5 years young yet still working. The room has pieces of paper all around the floor, and many other things. This little girl also has nothing on her feet protecting her from this grimy dirty ground. The caption of this photo says: "The mills seemed full of youngsters who just 'happened in' or 'are helping their sister'." The fact that the mills were full of youngsters rather than adults just proves the point that so many people at this time were poor. Excuses were even made as to why these young children were there. People would say they just showed up one day working, or they're just helping their sister. It's all just excuses for the obsurd fact that children as young as maybe five are working in these grusome unsanitary conditions.
Photograph D:
This paper shows a boy around the age of 5 years old selling newspaper on a busy street. Theres nobody watching over the young boy, he's all alone on a street with strangers selling newspaper. The facial expression on the boy looks so helpless and sad. He's looking up at men walking by as if he's begging them to turn around and buy a newspaper from him. From looking at this photo I can conclude that this boy and his family obviously do not have any money. And everybody else in his family is so busy working wherever they do, that he needs to work on his own. This small child is on his own trying to bring in money for his family, as if he was a father.
Photograph E:
In this photo there are about 20 or so boys, and some teens, working at a coal company. There is a huge cloud of dust over them. And then a man standing in the back watching over them, holding a bar. The dust in this photo is sweltering over all the boys, this is clearly a safety hazzard. The caption of this photo says: "This dust penettrated the utmost recesses of the boy's lungs." This dust was extremely unhealthy for the boys, giving them all very hard trouble breathing. The caption also says, "A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands over the boys, prodding or kicking them to obiedience." This shows that even in these terrible conditions, if you stopped to hit your chest and cough trying to catch your breath, you would be punished. I'm guessing from this picture these boys were really worked in this coal company and had to put aside the necessities of themselves, like stopping to catch their breath.
Photograph F:
In this photo there are about 15 men. It seems to be very dark in in this environment. There are pipes everywhere and theres little room to work around and move. The men in this photo have tears and wholes in the clothes, along with dirt covering their faces and clothes. It's very crowded for this many men and it's clear that they have little room to work and it's obviously not a sanitary working environment.
Photograph G:
In this photograph there are tons of people, but the ones that stick out compared to the taller older women and men, are the extremely small children looking around the age of four. The smallest girl barley has hair, and is very short in size so looks around the smallest. There is also a little boy in the front standing on a single strip of wood balancing him about a small whole. This is very unsafe for that boy. There is clams covering the floor, and every worked are using their bare hands to do the job. This is extremely unsanitary, the men and women don't look clean or cleansy at all they're wearing torn clothes, and are working in a beat town room with little or no light.
Photograph H:
In this photo there about 7 children going off to work at 6pm on a very cold day, it says in the caption they work here till 6am in the morning. When they come home they are drenced on the way home with cold hard rain with very little clothes on.
Wednesday, October 14, 2009
Progressivism Homework
1. President Roosevelt had picked William Howard Taft, his successor, to run for presidency.
2. Teddy Roosevelt began to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912 because Taft hardly expanded Roosevelt's reform, and he was also upsetting not only the conservationists but the progressives also. Taft signed the Payne- Aldrich Tariff which angered progressives thinking he abandoned progressivism. Then later on he appointed Richard A. Ballinger as his secretary, a man who opposed conversationists.
3. I think the some of the events that helped Woodrow Wilson win the election was one, he was staying out of the heat between Taft and Roosevelt who developed a hatred for one another. Another is that Wilson had offered something called "The New Freedom." It demanded strong antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs, this is something the people greatly favored.
4.To attack trusts and monopolies Wilson to give more freedom to average citizens, Wilson used the Clayton Antitrust Act, and the Federal Trade Commission. The Clayton Antitrust Act stopped corporations from acquiring the stock of another. (This would create a monopoly, therefor this was how he was attacking the monopolies.) Also under this act, strikes and boycotting became legal and injunctions against strikers became illegal. The Federal Trade Commission had the power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, to require periodic reports from corporations, and to put an end to unfair business practices.
5. The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.
6. America's entry into World War I distracted many Americans since this war demanded America's involvement. Their legislators allowed the push for reform to take a stop. Therefor the progressive era had come to an end.
2. Teddy Roosevelt began to oppose Taft for the presidency in 1912 because Taft hardly expanded Roosevelt's reform, and he was also upsetting not only the conservationists but the progressives also. Taft signed the Payne- Aldrich Tariff which angered progressives thinking he abandoned progressivism. Then later on he appointed Richard A. Ballinger as his secretary, a man who opposed conversationists.
3. I think the some of the events that helped Woodrow Wilson win the election was one, he was staying out of the heat between Taft and Roosevelt who developed a hatred for one another. Another is that Wilson had offered something called "The New Freedom." It demanded strong antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs, this is something the people greatly favored.
4.To attack trusts and monopolies Wilson to give more freedom to average citizens, Wilson used the Clayton Antitrust Act, and the Federal Trade Commission. The Clayton Antitrust Act stopped corporations from acquiring the stock of another. (This would create a monopoly, therefor this was how he was attacking the monopolies.) Also under this act, strikes and boycotting became legal and injunctions against strikers became illegal. The Federal Trade Commission had the power to investigate possible violations of regulatory statutes, to require periodic reports from corporations, and to put an end to unfair business practices.
5. The Nineteenth Amendment granted women the right to vote.
6. America's entry into World War I distracted many Americans since this war demanded America's involvement. Their legislators allowed the push for reform to take a stop. Therefor the progressive era had come to an end.
Thursday, October 8, 2009
TR's Square Deal
1.President Roosevelt created the modern presidency by his leadership and publicity campaigns.
2.Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration by threatening to take over mines.
3. Roosevelt prohibited wealthy railroad owners from colluding, and he also passed the Elkins Act. This act made it illegal for railroad officials to give, and shippers to receive rebates for using particular railroads. He overall limited the distribution of free railroad passes, and gave the ICC power to set maximum railroad rates.
4.The Meat Inspection act passed during Roosevelt's presidency, that was made to protect the health of citizens. This act demanded strict cleanliness for meat packers and created the program for federal meat inspection. The Pure food and Drug Act also passed, which stopped the sales of contaminated foods and medicines.
5.To protect the environment Roosevelt set aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sites and another 80 million acres of land that experts of the Geological Survey would explore for water and mineral resources. In conclusion Roosevelt established more than 50 wildlife sanctuaries and several national parks.
2.Roosevelt's intervention in a coal strike set a precedent for federal arbitration by threatening to take over mines.
3. Roosevelt prohibited wealthy railroad owners from colluding, and he also passed the Elkins Act. This act made it illegal for railroad officials to give, and shippers to receive rebates for using particular railroads. He overall limited the distribution of free railroad passes, and gave the ICC power to set maximum railroad rates.
4.The Meat Inspection act passed during Roosevelt's presidency, that was made to protect the health of citizens. This act demanded strict cleanliness for meat packers and created the program for federal meat inspection. The Pure food and Drug Act also passed, which stopped the sales of contaminated foods and medicines.
5.To protect the environment Roosevelt set aside 1.5 million acres of water-power sites and another 80 million acres of land that experts of the Geological Survey would explore for water and mineral resources. In conclusion Roosevelt established more than 50 wildlife sanctuaries and several national parks.
Sunday, October 4, 2009
Urbanization
1. What is Urbanization?
Urbanization is the growth of cities.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
After the huge technology outburst in the 19th century, many laborers were not needed in jobs because machines, who worked much more efficiently and faster, could now take over their jobs. They weren't needed so most laborers moved to cities. A number of Americans decided to move from the countries to the cities because cities were the most cheapest and most convenient places for immigrants to live; offering unskilled workers jobs in mills and factories.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
Poor city dwellers didn't have any money to afford a roomy apartment for their family. They had to live in a single blocked room, with little or no furniture, and the rooms were often musky, dirty, and not one bit sanitary. The rooms were about the size of a walk in closet now a days. But this is all that they could afford. These "homes" were knows as tenements, meaning overcrowded and unsanitary.
Urbanization is the growth of cities.
2. For what reasons did a number of Americans move from the country to the cities?
After the huge technology outburst in the 19th century, many laborers were not needed in jobs because machines, who worked much more efficiently and faster, could now take over their jobs. They weren't needed so most laborers moved to cities. A number of Americans decided to move from the countries to the cities because cities were the most cheapest and most convenient places for immigrants to live; offering unskilled workers jobs in mills and factories.
3. What were the housing problems that many poor city dwellers faced?
Poor city dwellers didn't have any money to afford a roomy apartment for their family. They had to live in a single blocked room, with little or no furniture, and the rooms were often musky, dirty, and not one bit sanitary. The rooms were about the size of a walk in closet now a days. But this is all that they could afford. These "homes" were knows as tenements, meaning overcrowded and unsanitary.
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