1. Describe the causes of the immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans, Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The causes of the immigration of Southern and Eastern Europeans, Chinese, Koreans, and Japanese to America in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was:
-wanted to escape difficult conditions (ex. famine, land shortages)
-to earn money then return back to their homelands (birds of passage)
-overall to have a better life
-Europeans left to escape religious persecution and wanted independent lives.
-Chinese and Japanese wanted to make more money after the discovery of gold also now Hawaii was able to recruit Japanese
-West indians immigrated to find work and flee from political turmoil.
2. Describe the journey immigrants endured and their experiences at United States immigration stations.
The journey for immigrants was long and arduous to the United States. To save money, many traveled on the cheapest steam ships possible. But because of this, it was extremely hard to breath, had to sleep in louse infected bunks, and share toilets with many others. All of these awful conditions led to diseases spreading quickly throughout the ships, and sadly many immigrants died before they even made their destination. They had to go through these conditions for a week- three weeks.
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
Sunday, September 20, 2009
Labor Unions & Big Business
The Knights of Labor:
a. Identification- Labor organization founded in 1860 by Philadelphia garment cutters. Had a total of 730,000 members of all races, gender, and skilled/unskilled workers. Believed they could get rid out all conflict by creating a society where all workers worked for themselves. Their goal was, "Every man his own employer".
b. Significance- Was one of the only labor organizations to survive the depression of the awful working conditions, and created the largest labor demonstration on May 1st, 1886.
The Haymarket riot:
a. Identification- Took place in downtown Chicago, where labor unions rallied to strike about police brutality. (because on May 1st police killed two unionists and wounded several others trying to break up a fight between a group of unionists and non unionists.) Police marched in but were quickly killed because the unionists had set off a bomb killing seven police officers, and injuring sixty seven. The result was the arresting of anarchists and unionists.
b. Significance- The riot drew even more attention to the growing fury of the labor workers and their poor treatment, and the middle classes fear of radicalism.
The American Federation of Labor:
a. Identification- Emerged from the 1886 violent change as the major workers' organization. Had about 140,000 (mostly skilled native born workers) members led by Samuel Gompers. Prefered only skilled workers unlike the AFL. But later grew to 2.5 million by 1917. Their main goals were to create higher wages, shorts hours, and the right to bargain collectively.
b. Significance- Had even more members than the Knights of labor, and was the largest labor organization in the country.
Samuel Gompers:
a. Identification-Immigrant who lead the Cigars Markers' Union, and the AFL.
b. Significance- Led the largest labor organization in the country.
The Homestead strike:
a. Identification- Occurred on July 1892 in Pennsylvania. The Amalgamated Association of Iron and steelworkers refused to accept pay cuts, reacted violently, and went on a strike against their plant. Angry workers attacked guards that were guarding the closed down plant, but soon gave up after 5 months.
b. Significance- Made the publics opinion turn against the strikers because of a young anarchist attempt to kill Henry C. Frick the president of the Carnegie Steel Company.
The Pullman strike:
a. Identification- In 1894, workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company protested against exploitative policies (company owned and controlled ALL land and building). The workers were extremely furious on account of Pullman would not negotiate with them, and cut their wages 25- 40 percent. The workers sent a committee to Pullman protesting his policies and he reacted by firing 3 of these people and closing down the plant. The workers, being led by Eugene V. Debs, refused to handle all Pullman cars and defied the courts injunction to prevent the union from "obstructing the railways and holding up the mails."
b. Significance- The Pullman Strike made it clear that the government had not been supporting unionists, and were favoring the businesses because more businesses only made their country stronger.
Eugene V. Debs:
a. Identification- Led the workers that protested against Pullman.
b. Significance- Defied the court, and was sentenced to six months in prison. And created the grounds that the federal government had the power to remove obstacles to interstate commerce.
the Industrial Workers of the World:
a. Identification- A new labor organization formed in 1905. Unlike the AFl, and like the Knights of Labor, this organization included all unskilled and skilled workers. Its mottos was, "An injury to one is an injury to all" And its goal was, "One big Union"
b. Significance- Went beyond the goals of the Knights of Labors, and created its own acts of violence and sabotage.
a. Identification- Labor organization founded in 1860 by Philadelphia garment cutters. Had a total of 730,000 members of all races, gender, and skilled/unskilled workers. Believed they could get rid out all conflict by creating a society where all workers worked for themselves. Their goal was, "Every man his own employer".
b. Significance- Was one of the only labor organizations to survive the depression of the awful working conditions, and created the largest labor demonstration on May 1st, 1886.
The Haymarket riot:
a. Identification- Took place in downtown Chicago, where labor unions rallied to strike about police brutality. (because on May 1st police killed two unionists and wounded several others trying to break up a fight between a group of unionists and non unionists.) Police marched in but were quickly killed because the unionists had set off a bomb killing seven police officers, and injuring sixty seven. The result was the arresting of anarchists and unionists.
b. Significance- The riot drew even more attention to the growing fury of the labor workers and their poor treatment, and the middle classes fear of radicalism.
The American Federation of Labor:
a. Identification- Emerged from the 1886 violent change as the major workers' organization. Had about 140,000 (mostly skilled native born workers) members led by Samuel Gompers. Prefered only skilled workers unlike the AFL. But later grew to 2.5 million by 1917. Their main goals were to create higher wages, shorts hours, and the right to bargain collectively.
b. Significance- Had even more members than the Knights of labor, and was the largest labor organization in the country.
Samuel Gompers:
a. Identification-Immigrant who lead the Cigars Markers' Union, and the AFL.
b. Significance- Led the largest labor organization in the country.
The Homestead strike:
a. Identification- Occurred on July 1892 in Pennsylvania. The Amalgamated Association of Iron and steelworkers refused to accept pay cuts, reacted violently, and went on a strike against their plant. Angry workers attacked guards that were guarding the closed down plant, but soon gave up after 5 months.
b. Significance- Made the publics opinion turn against the strikers because of a young anarchist attempt to kill Henry C. Frick the president of the Carnegie Steel Company.
The Pullman strike:
a. Identification- In 1894, workers at the Pullman Palace Car Company protested against exploitative policies (company owned and controlled ALL land and building). The workers were extremely furious on account of Pullman would not negotiate with them, and cut their wages 25- 40 percent. The workers sent a committee to Pullman protesting his policies and he reacted by firing 3 of these people and closing down the plant. The workers, being led by Eugene V. Debs, refused to handle all Pullman cars and defied the courts injunction to prevent the union from "obstructing the railways and holding up the mails."
b. Significance- The Pullman Strike made it clear that the government had not been supporting unionists, and were favoring the businesses because more businesses only made their country stronger.
Eugene V. Debs:
a. Identification- Led the workers that protested against Pullman.
b. Significance- Defied the court, and was sentenced to six months in prison. And created the grounds that the federal government had the power to remove obstacles to interstate commerce.
the Industrial Workers of the World:
a. Identification- A new labor organization formed in 1905. Unlike the AFl, and like the Knights of Labor, this organization included all unskilled and skilled workers. Its mottos was, "An injury to one is an injury to all" And its goal was, "One big Union"
b. Significance- Went beyond the goals of the Knights of Labors, and created its own acts of violence and sabotage.
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
14-3 Important Terms and their Significance
Andrew Carnegie: Private secretary to the local superintendent of the Pennsylvania railroad. He was one of the first americans to go from so little to so much more, being born very poor then making a fortune for himself. Also his company produced the largest portion of the nations steel.
Social Darwinism: A book that stated the marketplace should not be regulated. It was made to teach people how to become sucessful. It was had stated that the poor are only poor because they're "lazy" and deserved this.
John D. Rockefeller: Created the Standard Oil Company. His oil companies controlled 90 percent of the refining business, made 2-3 percent of the country's oil, and ran the marker by rising the prices up to a huge amount. The people referred to him and his company as "robber barons"
Sherman Antitrust Act: Made it legal to form a trust that interfered with the free trade between states or other countries. The companies would not give up, so eventually the government gave up with this act.
Samuel Gompers: Led the Cigar Markers' International Union, and was the president of the AFL to end the horrible working environment they had been working in.
American Federation of Labor (AFL): Focused on collective bargaining, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions. Because of the AFL, from 1890-1915 the average weekly wages rose from $17.50 - $24. Along with the average workweek falling from 54.5 hours to under 49 hours. Both of these were a huge accomplishment for the people.
Eugene V. Debs: Trying to create a "special industry" for the unskilled and skilled workers. This only added to the strive of the union organizing.
Industrial Workers of the World: Included miners, lumbers, cannery, and dock workers.
Mary Harris Jones: Supported the great strike of 1877, also organized the United Mine Workers of America. Very concerned of the child labor conditions, she bravely led 80 million children on the march to the home of President Roosevelt. This influenced the child labor laws.
Social Darwinism: A book that stated the marketplace should not be regulated. It was made to teach people how to become sucessful. It was had stated that the poor are only poor because they're "lazy" and deserved this.
John D. Rockefeller: Created the Standard Oil Company. His oil companies controlled 90 percent of the refining business, made 2-3 percent of the country's oil, and ran the marker by rising the prices up to a huge amount. The people referred to him and his company as "robber barons"
Sherman Antitrust Act: Made it legal to form a trust that interfered with the free trade between states or other countries. The companies would not give up, so eventually the government gave up with this act.
Samuel Gompers: Led the Cigar Markers' International Union, and was the president of the AFL to end the horrible working environment they had been working in.
American Federation of Labor (AFL): Focused on collective bargaining, to reach written agreements on wages, hours, and working conditions. Because of the AFL, from 1890-1915 the average weekly wages rose from $17.50 - $24. Along with the average workweek falling from 54.5 hours to under 49 hours. Both of these were a huge accomplishment for the people.
Eugene V. Debs: Trying to create a "special industry" for the unskilled and skilled workers. This only added to the strive of the union organizing.
Industrial Workers of the World: Included miners, lumbers, cannery, and dock workers.
Mary Harris Jones: Supported the great strike of 1877, also organized the United Mine Workers of America. Very concerned of the child labor conditions, she bravely led 80 million children on the march to the home of President Roosevelt. This influenced the child labor laws.
Monday, September 14, 2009
Railroad Development
The federal government gave land and made loans to the railroad companies. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?
The government was so eager to promote the growth of railroads because they wanted more than anything to settle the West to develop the country, and railroads made it possible for this. While the railroads kept increasing so did the industries and business (iron, coal, glass, steal, and lumber industries) because the railroads demanded these resources to be built. The railroads had also linked previous isolated cities, towns, and settlements. The rapid grown of these railroads helped make new markets, and the growth of towns which is exactly what the government wanted.
The government was so eager to promote the growth of railroads because they wanted more than anything to settle the West to develop the country, and railroads made it possible for this. While the railroads kept increasing so did the industries and business (iron, coal, glass, steal, and lumber industries) because the railroads demanded these resources to be built. The railroads had also linked previous isolated cities, towns, and settlements. The rapid grown of these railroads helped make new markets, and the growth of towns which is exactly what the government wanted.
Sunday, September 13, 2009
Expansion of Industry
What were the three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the United States after the Civil War? Explain how two of these factors helped to bring about this technological boom.
The three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the U.S after the Civil War was, a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing population that provided both cheap labor and markets for new products. Oil was an extremely popular resource that was provided in the United States, but not the only one. Also found in the U.S was coal and iron. The finding of iron led to the Bessemer process, which led to open-hearth process. As time went on more and more people were using technology to manufacture new different things. The power of electricity also changed the business of America completely. Electricity now made everything easier, by powering machines and making everyones life styles easier with the use of light bulbs, type writers, ect. The expanding population also made it easier for these new inventions to be marketed.
The three major factors that contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the U.S after the Civil War was, a wealth of natural resources, government support for business, and a growing population that provided both cheap labor and markets for new products. Oil was an extremely popular resource that was provided in the United States, but not the only one. Also found in the U.S was coal and iron. The finding of iron led to the Bessemer process, which led to open-hearth process. As time went on more and more people were using technology to manufacture new different things. The power of electricity also changed the business of America completely. Electricity now made everything easier, by powering machines and making everyones life styles easier with the use of light bulbs, type writers, ect. The expanding population also made it easier for these new inventions to be marketed.
Wednesday, September 9, 2009
Westward Expansion Questions
1. What are some of the main reasons that the federal government's policy of assimilation failed?
I think the federal government's policy of assimilation failed because it was almost impossible for such a different culture to just change their ways to an American life style from their own that they had grown up with and were accustomed to. The culture of white settlers strongly different from the culture of the Native Americans. For example the Native Americans believed that land couldn't be owned, white the white settlers strongly believed so. Also the attitudes towards Native Americans of the whites weren't very polite or accepting at all. The government had also made a treaty that stated the Great Plains land all belonged to the Native Americans. But then in 1850 they changed it causing the Native Americans to be furious. I really don't see how the government even thought that assimilation was an option.
2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
I think that the government had done a good job getting settlers to move into the Great Plains but it caused alot of farmers financial problems and settlers underwent droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, and plaids. But despite these unknown problems, in 1889 Oklahoma, which provided much land, attracted thousands of people after the government had strengthened the Homestead Act. As time went on settlers kept filling in the Western land.
I think the federal government's policy of assimilation failed because it was almost impossible for such a different culture to just change their ways to an American life style from their own that they had grown up with and were accustomed to. The culture of white settlers strongly different from the culture of the Native Americans. For example the Native Americans believed that land couldn't be owned, white the white settlers strongly believed so. Also the attitudes towards Native Americans of the whites weren't very polite or accepting at all. The government had also made a treaty that stated the Great Plains land all belonged to the Native Americans. But then in 1850 they changed it causing the Native Americans to be furious. I really don't see how the government even thought that assimilation was an option.
2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
I think that the government had done a good job getting settlers to move into the Great Plains but it caused alot of farmers financial problems and settlers underwent droughts, floods, fires, blizzards, and plaids. But despite these unknown problems, in 1889 Oklahoma, which provided much land, attracted thousands of people after the government had strengthened the Homestead Act. As time went on settlers kept filling in the Western land.
Friday, September 4, 2009
Iraq Q & A
Directions: Read Part I (Pages 1 - 12) and answer the short answer and extended response questions below. Then, read Part II (Pages 13 - 29) and answer the questions that follow. All answers are due either on your blog (label the post Iraq) or you can submit them in writing on Tuesday. (NOTE: There are two graphic organizers at the end of the readings to help you organize your information for Part II.)
Part I Questions:
Short Response
1. Where do most Kurds, Shi'a, and Sunnis live in Iraq?
Kurds: In mountainous regions of Iraq - Kurdistan, which covers sections of Iran, Syria, Turkey, and Iraq.
Shi'a: In the South
Sunnis: In less oil-rich areas
2. Which ethnic group(s) hold(s) power over the majority of oil reserves in Iraq?
The South and North holds the power over the majority of oil reserves in Iraq. The ethnic groups that do are Shi'a and Kurds.
3. What is the main reason Britain become involved in Iraq?
The main reason Britian became involved in Iraq is because both Britian and France had no oil feilds of their own so after the end of Ottoman Empire they saw the opportunity to benefit themselves and gian control of the region to obtain their own oil feilds.
4. What did pan-Arabists advocate after World War II?
Pan-Arabists advocated independence for the whole Middle East and wanted the Iraqi government to break off relationships with Britian.
5. How was Saddam Hussein able to gain power and popularity in the 1970s?
Saddam Hussein was able to gain power and popularity in the 1970's because the great increase of oil prices enabled him with the money to fund universal free eduactionm create a well-developed public health care system, and reform the agricultural system.
6. Why did the United States become involved in the Iran-Iraq War?
The United States became involved in the Iran-Iraq War because they did not want an Iran victory so they helped out Iraq, especially when Iran attacked Kuwaiti oil tankers in the Persian Gulfs. Also the U.S benefited itself by secretely helping Iran to secure the freedom of U.S hostages held in Lebanon.
7. Why did President George H.W. Bush (1989-93) bring the ground portion of the First Persian Gulf War to a halt? List two reasons.
a. If Iraq controlled the Kuwaiti oil feilds, Suddam Hussein would uphold too much power, controlling one quarter of the worlds resources.
b. Suddam Hussein growing to be a dictator.
Extended Response:
8. What are the different ethnic and religious groups in Iraq? Why is it important to understand these differences?
The different ethnic and religious groups in the Iraq were the Kurds, Sunni's and Shi'a (both brances of Islam), Arabians, Muslims, and a small minority of Christians and Jews. It is important to understand these differents of religous groups to get a better idea of why the violence in Iraq began with Saddam Hussein aiming to create a non religious based government and how difficult it was for the United States to make decisions.
Part II Questions:
Short Response
9. What dangers did President George W. Bush (2001-09) say Iraq posed to the region and the world? Name two.
a. The Iraq's alleged weapons program
b. Sponsorship of terrorism
10. What were the U.S. government's declared goals in sending troops to Iraq?
a. Remove Saddam Hussein from power.
b. Uncover WMD.
11. List two reasons violence continues in Iraq.
a. Illegal weapon dealers work throughout the country to sell arms that are smuggled over the borders from Iran and Syria. And many Iraqi's are angry that the U.S continue to stay.
b. People are taking advantage of Iraq's insecurity to take part in violence to make money for themselves.
Extended Response:
12. Describe the different groups involved in the ongoing conflict in Iraq. What are their goals? (Reasons for fighting)
Shi'a: Oppose the U.S led occupation. They are also in conflict with major Shi'i militia over political and economic control of specific regions in southern Iraq.
Sunni: Believes that the Shi'a are trying to take complete control of Iraq and blame the United States for this. They are also worried that they are going to be shut out from the government.
Kurd: Want self determination for Kurdistan. Have been fighting for autonomy for decades.
Al Qaeda: Aims to develop sectarian violence in order to overthrow the Iraqi government. Some members even want to create a caliphate (one Islamic state that would cause countries across the region)
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