1. What was Wilson's 14th Point?
Wilson's plan for world peace. The first five points of his speech to promote world peace was:
-there should be no secret treaties among nations
-freedom of the seas should be maintained for all
-tariffs and other economic barriers among nations should be lowered or abolished in order to foster free trade
-arms should be reduced "to the lowest point consistent with domestic safety, thus lessening the possibility of military responses." during diplomatic crises.
-colonial policies should consider the interests of the colonials peoples as well as the interests of the imperialist powers.
The next eight points dealt with boundary changes. Groups that claimed distinctive ethnic identities were to form their own nation-states or decided for themselves as to what nation they belong to. The fourteenth point called for the creation of an international organization to address diplomatic crises like those that have sparked the war.
2. What terms of the treaty specifically affected Germany?
The treated barred Germany from maintaining an army. It also required Germany to return the region of Alsace-Lorraine to France and to pay reparations or war damages to the allies costing them 33 billion dollars.
3. What were the weaknesses of the treaty?
The weaknesses of the treaty were that it didn't provide a lasting peace in Europe since the treatment of Germany was not so great. The treaty humiliated Germany, it contained a war-guilt clause forcing Germany to admit sole responsibility for the War. Germany was stripped of its colonial possessions in the Pacific. Germany also did not have the money to pay back the reparations.
4. Why did Henry Cabot Lodge object to the treaty?
Henry Cabot Lodge objected to the treaty because he believed that the League threatened the U.S. foreign policy of isolationism. He was also very suspicious of the provision for joint economic and military action against aggression. He like many others wanted the constitutional right of Congress to declare war included in the treaty.
5. How did Wilson help bring about the Senate's rejection of the treaty?
Wilson set out on an 8000 mile tour. He delivered 34 speeches in about 3 weeks arguing that the United States should join the League of Nations.
6. What circumstances at this time would eventually lead many Germans to support Adolf Hitler?
After the treaty of Versailles Germany was humiliated, and many Europeans still longed to fight. Adolf Hitler in his writing showed a lot of desire vengeance against America for making Germany take the blame for World War 1. This of course caught the attention of many Germans and lead them to support him.
7. Who is George Clemenceau?
The French premier that had lived through two German invasions in France and was determined to prevent further invasions.
8. Who is David Lloyd George?
British prime minister who was known for his slogan "Make Germany Pay!" He wanted control of Austrian-held territory.
9. Describe the participation of Russia at the peace conference.
Russia was excluded from the peace conference so they weren't able to express their opinions about the treaty. This hurt them because they lost a lot of land which made them vengeful also.
Tuesday, December 15, 2009
Thursday, December 10, 2009
WWI - The War at Home
1. War Industries Board
-Commanded companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency and they made the companies produce less waste by standardizing products. They overall increased industry production by 20%
2. Railroad Administration
-Controlled the railroads in the United States
3. Fuel Administration
-Took control on how much gasoline coal and oil was being supplied. Also they introduced day-light savings time influencing enough people to have "gasless sundays" and "lightness nights" to conserve energy
4. National War Labor Board
-Made to stop riots. It improved working conditions, lessened the work day to e8 hours, made it so work places were inspected, and helped stop child labor.
5. Food Administration
-Helped produce and conserve food. Because there was a lack of foods. Restaurants would remove the bowls of sugar they had and served bread only after the meal. Many people also began growing their own gardens. Hoover placed high prices on wheat and other likable foods which in return made farmers buy more land an overall improved their income by 30%.
6. Committee on Public Information
- Brought patriotism, and influence alot of people, by using propaganda, about the positive aspects of war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts
-Put fines against anyone who boycotted against the war effort or tried to impede it. Also the act put people in jail for horrific actions against non native-born Americans.
George Creel is a significant historical figure because he used propaganda to his advantage very successfully. He told people to make brochures, posters, paintings and much more that all contributed to influencing the people tremendously.
Bernard M. Baruch is also a significant historical figure because he helped make the War Industries Board successful by conserving resources. He showed people that they must conserve oil, gasoline, and other forms of energy.
-Commanded companies to use mass-production techniques to increase efficiency and they made the companies produce less waste by standardizing products. They overall increased industry production by 20%
2. Railroad Administration
-Controlled the railroads in the United States
3. Fuel Administration
-Took control on how much gasoline coal and oil was being supplied. Also they introduced day-light savings time influencing enough people to have "gasless sundays" and "lightness nights" to conserve energy
4. National War Labor Board
-Made to stop riots. It improved working conditions, lessened the work day to e8 hours, made it so work places were inspected, and helped stop child labor.
5. Food Administration
-Helped produce and conserve food. Because there was a lack of foods. Restaurants would remove the bowls of sugar they had and served bread only after the meal. Many people also began growing their own gardens. Hoover placed high prices on wheat and other likable foods which in return made farmers buy more land an overall improved their income by 30%.
6. Committee on Public Information
- Brought patriotism, and influence alot of people, by using propaganda, about the positive aspects of war.
7. Espionage and Sedition Acts
-Put fines against anyone who boycotted against the war effort or tried to impede it. Also the act put people in jail for horrific actions against non native-born Americans.
George Creel is a significant historical figure because he used propaganda to his advantage very successfully. He told people to make brochures, posters, paintings and much more that all contributed to influencing the people tremendously.
Bernard M. Baruch is also a significant historical figure because he helped make the War Industries Board successful by conserving resources. He showed people that they must conserve oil, gasoline, and other forms of energy.
Thursday, December 3, 2009
The U.S. enters World War I
1. How did the United States raise an army?
The United States raised an army by passing the Selective Service Act. This act called for men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service. 24 million were registered, about 3 million called for the war.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
U.S. soldiers helped with the war by convincing Britian to create the convoy system. In which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups. This also made it possible to lay a 230 mile barrier of mines across the North sea from Scotland to Norway. The convoy system was a huge success.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
The estimated costs of the war was $338 billion.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
The war cost the total death count around 22 million,
more than half were civilians. 20 million wounded, 10 million becoming refugees. 48 thousand men in battle were lost, 62 thousand men dying of disease, and more than 200 thousand were left wounded.
5. Define armistice.
A truce where two sides come to the agreement to stop fighting.
The United States raised an army by passing the Selective Service Act. This act called for men to register with the government in order to be randomly selected for military service. 24 million were registered, about 3 million called for the war.
2. How did U.S. soldiers help win the war?
U.S. soldiers helped with the war by convincing Britian to create the convoy system. In which a heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic in groups. This also made it possible to lay a 230 mile barrier of mines across the North sea from Scotland to Norway. The convoy system was a huge success.
3. What were the estimated economic costs of the war?
The estimated costs of the war was $338 billion.
4. What did the war cost in terms of the number of civilian deaths; military deaths?; injuries?; and refugees?
The war cost the total death count around 22 million,
more than half were civilians. 20 million wounded, 10 million becoming refugees. 48 thousand men in battle were lost, 62 thousand men dying of disease, and more than 200 thousand were left wounded.
5. Define armistice.
A truce where two sides come to the agreement to stop fighting.
Tuesday, December 1, 2009
World War I Begins
1. Militarism: (Germany had built a strong army which intrigued other countries to follow in their footsteps)
System of Alliances: (countries were joining together, which angered other countries after another which sparked a war fever)
Imperialism: (the desire for land overseas between all different countries, for example powerful nations, like Germany and
France wanted to control and take other colonies for manufactured goods )
Nationalism: (numerous countries and ethnic groups thought their country was superior for example the Slavs in Serbia)
2. The June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand became the spark for WWI because Austria-Hungry then declared war on Serbia since that was their heir. Germany then declared war against Russia, then france invaded Belgium so Britian declared was on them also. It overall created a huge outrage between all countries and one thing let to another.
3. Within the first few months of fighting a plan was formed called the Schlieffen Plan. This plan called for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick drive through Belgium to Paris. After France had fallen the two German armies would have defeat Russia. However as Germany invaded Belgium the civilians were absolutely terrified which created a crisis. This led to the trench warfare with the result of numerous casualties and a lot of dead bodies.
4. The United States wanted to stay out of the war because they didn't see the point in traveling far for a war that would do them no benefit. They did not want their young men to be exposed to the horrific scenes of warfare. And also the public opinion was completely divided.
5. Naturalized citizens: had already left the countries that were in the war.
Socialists: criticized the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East.
Pacifists: believed that war was evil and that the U.S. should set an example of peace to the world.
Parents: didn't want their boys to be exposed to the horrific scenes of the war, and of course drafted and killed.
6. Germany responded to the British naval blockade of Germany's posts by stating that any British or Allied boat found in the waters around Britian would be suck. The people of the U.S. were outraged and quickly turned against Germany and the central powers.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
The United States was forced into war because the British intercepted the Zimmermann Note from the Germans going to Mexico. This note said said that if a war broke out against the U.S., they would support Mexico. Germany also had sank four unarmed, merchant, U.S. ships that claimed 36 United States lives.
System of Alliances: (countries were joining together, which angered other countries after another which sparked a war fever)
Imperialism: (the desire for land overseas between all different countries, for example powerful nations, like Germany and
France wanted to control and take other colonies for manufactured goods )
Nationalism: (numerous countries and ethnic groups thought their country was superior for example the Slavs in Serbia)
2. The June 1914 assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand became the spark for WWI because Austria-Hungry then declared war on Serbia since that was their heir. Germany then declared war against Russia, then france invaded Belgium so Britian declared was on them also. It overall created a huge outrage between all countries and one thing let to another.
3. Within the first few months of fighting a plan was formed called the Schlieffen Plan. This plan called for a holding action against Russia, combined with a quick drive through Belgium to Paris. After France had fallen the two German armies would have defeat Russia. However as Germany invaded Belgium the civilians were absolutely terrified which created a crisis. This led to the trench warfare with the result of numerous casualties and a lot of dead bodies.
4. The United States wanted to stay out of the war because they didn't see the point in traveling far for a war that would do them no benefit. They did not want their young men to be exposed to the horrific scenes of warfare. And also the public opinion was completely divided.
5. Naturalized citizens: had already left the countries that were in the war.
Socialists: criticized the war as a capitalist and imperialist struggle between Germany and England to control markets and colonies in China, Africa, and the Middle East.
Pacifists: believed that war was evil and that the U.S. should set an example of peace to the world.
Parents: didn't want their boys to be exposed to the horrific scenes of the war, and of course drafted and killed.
6. Germany responded to the British naval blockade of Germany's posts by stating that any British or Allied boat found in the waters around Britian would be suck. The people of the U.S. were outraged and quickly turned against Germany and the central powers.
7. What forced the United States into the war?
The United States was forced into war because the British intercepted the Zimmermann Note from the Germans going to Mexico. This note said said that if a war broke out against the U.S., they would support Mexico. Germany also had sank four unarmed, merchant, U.S. ships that claimed 36 United States lives.
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